Nikon Df

35mm AF digital SLR camera

Specification

Production details:
Announced:November 2013
System: Nikon F (1959)
Format:
Maximum format:35mm full frame
Imaging sensor:36 × 23.9mm CMOS sensor
Resolution:4928 × 3280 - 16 MP
Sensor-shift image stabilization:-
Mount and Flange focal distance:Nikon F [46.5mm]
Shutter:
Type:Focal-plane
Model:Electronically controlled
Speeds:30 - 1/4000 + B
Exposure:
Exposure metering:Through-the-lens (TTL), open-aperture
Exposure modes:Programmed Auto
Aperture-priority Auto
Shutter-priority Auto
Manual
Physical characteristics:
Weight:765g
Dimensions:143.5x110x66.5mm

Manufacturer description

TOKYO - Nikon Corporation is pleased to announce the release of the Df, a Nikon FX-format digital SLR camera.

The Df combines intuitive, worry-free dial operation with superior image quality over a broad range of sensitivities in the smallest and lightest FX-format body, making the camera extremely portable. Large metal mechanical dials on the top of the camera enable direct, intuitive operation, offering tactile pleasure of shooting with precision mechanics, and allowing users to feel the joy of creating images that reflect their individual intent. The camera also provides a system that allows users to focus on shooting with the security that comes from visual confirmation of ISO sensitivity, shutter speed, and exposure compensation values, as well as the convenience of direct adjustment of settings at any time, even when the camera is turned off.

With the same FX-format CMOS sensor, effective pixel count of 16.2-million pixels, and EXPEED 3 image-processing engine as the D4 flagship model, the Df offers stable, superior image quality under a wide variety of lighting conditions. It supports a broad range of standard sensitivities, from ISO 100-12800, with additional reduction to the equivalent of ISO 50 and expansion to the equivalent of ISO 204800 when necessary.

Superior portability and stable D4 image quality over a broad range of ISO sensitivities, from low to high, release users from common restrictions such as time, place, and lighting conditions, thus increasing the range and flexibility of expression.

What's more, the AF-S NIKKOR 50mm f/1.8G(Special Edition) kit lens, which maximizes the portability of the Df, will be released at the same time as the camera. Based on the AF-S NIKKOR 50mm f/1.8G normal lens, which was so well received for its superior optical performance in a compact and lightweight body, this lens was redesigned to serve as the perfect match for the Df. A leather-like texture on the outside surface of the lens, a silver aluminum ring, and a focus ring that reproduces the knurls on manual focus lenses were adopted for the AF-S NIKKOR 50mm f/1.8G(Special Edition). In addition, an optical design utilizing an aspherical lens element enables both sharp rendering and beautiful blur characteristics. This compact, lightweight, and fast fixed focal length lens is perfectly suited to the flexible, nimble photography for which the Df was designed.

Adoption of a collapsible metering coupling lever also enables use of non-AI lenses with the camera. As the Df is equipped with the Nikon F mount, which has not changed since Nikon released its first SLR camera, the combination of older NIKKOR lenses and a camera incorporating the latest digital technologies allows users to enjoy capturing photographs exhibiting a wide variety of forms of expression.

Development background and goals

In recent years, the digital SLR camera market has responded to demands for higher pixel counts, faster operation and performance, and more functions with high-spec cameras that support capture of images as intended with advanced technologies and the ability to respond to a variety of techniques, shooting situations and conditions. The spread of such high-performance digital SLR cameras offer photographers greater convenience in a variety of ways. The Df was developed with a different approach and with an eye on offering different forms of value. Not only does it support the capture of more beautiful and artistic photos, as well as a variety of photographic expression, possible with other cameras, it also allows users to take their time with each individual photo to achieve images they will enjoy, as well as making the process of photography itself more pleasing.

The Df presented by Nikon, which has developed interchangeable-lens cameras and NIKKOR lenses for decades, and also achieved a number of technical innovations, was developed based on the concept of fusing responsive and intuitive operation with the feel of a precision device and D4 image quality in a compact and lightweight body that is extremely portable. This embodiment of a tool that stimulates user creativity and enables the pure enjoyment of photos responds to the needs of photographers looking to capture more creative photos.

Df Primary Features

1. Dial operation that offers tactile pleasure of shooting with precision mechanics, a body design that delights owners, and an advanced optical viewfinder expected of an SLR camera

Simple and intuitive dial operation that stimulates creativity

Application and adjustment of shooting settings is simple and intuitive with the Df, allowing users to capture photos as intended. ISO sensitivity, shutter speed, and exposure compensation are set using dedicated dials*. The camera provides a system that allows users to better focus on shooting with the security that comes from quick visual confirmation of current settings, as well as the convenience of direct adjustment of settings at any time, regardless of whether the camera is turned on or off. Shutter speed can be fine-tuned by setting the shutter-speed dial to "1/3 STEP" and rotating the main command dial.

Precision design that delights owners

Large mechanical dials and a linear form have been adopted to offer tactile pleasure of shooting with precision mechanics. The level of detail applied to all aspects of layout and materials of the Df reminds users of traditional Nikon cameras and lets them fully recognize that digital SLR cameras are precision devices. A magnesium alloy has been adopted for the top, back, and bottom covers on the camera body for solid metal touch, and surfaces such as those of grip finished with an elegant leather-like texture fit the hand comfortably. Each of the metal mechanical dials has been carved, and all indicators on the top of the camera are engraved and painted Fine knurling around dials offers comfortable feel and finger placement, and dials themselves rotate smoothly and "click" into position for a smart, high-precision feel with operation.

An optical viewfinder utilizing a glass pentaprism and offering frame coverage of approximately 100% for clear display of the view through the lens in real-time

The optical viewfinder built into the Df preserves frame coverage of approximately 100% for efficient utilization of the large and bright viewfinder image offered by the FX format and a glass pentaprism. Visual confirmation of the arrangement of all elements within the image area allows users to frame their shots with great precision. Viewfinder magnification of approximately 0.7x* allows users to easily confirm all visual elements, including the viewfinder display. The focusing screen, on which images are clearly formed, enables precise focus confirmation with autofocusing, and also supports the same precise focusing with manual focus. In addition, a camera menu option enables display of a framing grid that makes composing shots that are level horizontally and vertically simple.

2. D4 image quality achieved with an effective pixel count of 16.2-million pixels, FX-format CMOS image sensor and EXPEED 3 image-processing engine

Equipped with the same image sensor and image-processing engine as our D4 flagship model, the Df offers stable, superior image quality under a wide variety of lighting conditions. It supports a broad range of standard sensitivities, from ISO 100-12800, with additional reduction to the equivalent of ISO 50 and expansion to the equivalent of ISO 204800 when necessary. In low-light situations when a tripod cannot be used, the camera utilizes superior high-sensitivity performance for hand-held shooting of images exhibiting sharp rendering of details with very little of the grain caused by noise, and preserving vivid colors. The Df is also able to reproduce textures with a superior three-dimensional appearance at low sensitivities, such as ISO 100, without sacrificing dynamic range. Sharp and clear rendering with crisp edges in images captured in brightly lit situations or those exhibiting great contrast due to a bright light source enables rich expression of tones in both highlights and shadows. With its superior portability and ability to respond to a wide variety of lighting conditions, the Df will expand the flexibility with which users take on their photographic works.

3. A camera that is both strong and the smallest and lightest in the history of Nikon FX-format digital SLR cameras

The Df measures approximately 143.5 x 110.0 x 66.5 mm (W x H x D) and weighs approximately 710 g*, making it the smallest and lightest in the history of Nikon FX-format digital SLR cameras. Adoption of a magnesium alloy for the top, back, and bottom covers on the camera body makes the camera compact and lightweight while preserving strength and durability. All parts of the camera are effectively sealed for a level of dust- and water-resistance equivalent to that of D800-series cameras. The Df is a camera that offers superior mobility with a compact and lightweight size that is extremely portable, excellent basic performance, and a high level of strength and reliability.

4. Excellent basic performance and advanced technologies that support full-scale imaging

The Df offers simple operation and powerful support for capturing photos as intended with excellent basic performance and advanced functions that respond to the demands of photo hobbyists intent on capturing artistic and creative photographs.

Equipped with an AF system offering 39 focus points

The Df is equipped with the Multi-CAM 4800 autofocus sensor module. The densely packed 39 focus points enable certain acquisition and tracking of the intended subject, and adoption of cross-type sensors, which provide further accuracy, for the 9 points most frequently used at the center of the frame offer more precise focus acquisition. 7 of the focus points support f/8, making accurate autofocusing possible even when a telephoto lens with a maximum aperture of f/4 is used with a 2x teleconverter for a combined maximum aperture of f/8.

Scene Recognition System with built-in 2,016-pixel RGB sensor

The Df is equipped with the Scene Recognition System, which analyzes detailed information acquired from the 2,016-pixel RGB sensor and the image sensor regarding aspects such as scene brightness and colors for optimal control over autofocusing, auto-exposure, i-TTL balanced fill-flash, and auto white balance.

Quick, stress-free response

The Df offers superior, high-speed response with a power-up time of approximately 0.14 s*1, a release time lag of roughly 0.052 s*1, and high-speed continuous shooting at approximately 5.5 fps. It also supports SDXC and UHS-I*2 high-speed memory cards, as well as Eye-Fi memory cards that enable simple wireless transfer of images captured with the camera.

An [i] button that enables quick access to frequently used camera functions

The [i] button, positioned to the bottom left of the camera's monitor, enables simple access to convenient functions with viewfinder and live view photography, and image playback. Pressing this button displays options for the desired setting, allowing immediate access to setting options for normal shooting, live view photography, and the retouch menu in playback mode.

A variety of live view functions

In addition to the 16-cell framing grid available with previous models, the Df also offers users the choice of a 9-cell framing grid, or display of the 16 : 9 or 1 : 1 aspect ratio in the camera monitor with live view photography. Further, the virtual horizon displayed in the monitor allows users to verify the direction of both roll (tilt to the left or right) and pitch (tilt forward or back), and a roll indicator can also be displayed in the viewfinder. The spot white balance function enables precise white-balance measurement using a specified object or portion of the frame in the live view display. This eliminates the need to prepare a reference object, such as a gray card, and enables quick acquisition of data for subjects that cannot be approached for application of a preset white-balance value without missing photo opportunities.

Power-saving design that supports worry-free focus on shooting

Adoption of more efficient power supply circuitry and use of EXPEED 3, which consumes little power, minimize the camera's power consumption. When a fully charged compact and lightweight Rechargeable Li-ion Battery EN-EL14a supplied with the camera is used, approximately 1,400* still images can be captured.

5. Use of non-AI NIKKOR lenses

Not only is the Df capable of capturing high-quality images using the latest NIKKOR lenses optimized for digital SLR cameras, it is the first Nikon digital SLR camera equipped with a collapsible metering coupling lever that enables the use of non-AI lenses.

When focal length and maximum aperture value for non-AI lenses are registered with the camera beforehand, optimal exposure can be achieved with exposure metering when the camera aperture setting is matched to the aperture value specified with the aperture ring on the lens by rotating the sub-command dial (supported only in [A] and [M] exposure modes). As the Df is equipped with the Nikon F mount, which has not changed since Nikon released its first SLR camera, the combination of older NIKKOR lenses and a camera incorporating the latest digital technologies allows users to enjoy capturing photographs exhibiting a wide variety of forms of expression.

Special limited editions (1)

Similar cameras (2)

35mm full frame • Auto focus • Digital • Singe-lens reflex • Nikon F mount

Model Shutter Metering Modes Year
Kodak DCS Pro 14n E, 1/4000 TTL • OA PASM 2002
Kodak DCS Pro SLR/n E, 1/4000 TTL • OA PASM 2004
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Chromatic aberration

There are two kinds of chromatic aberration: longitudinal and lateral. Longitudinal chromatic aberration is a variation in location of the image plane with changes in wave lengths. It produces the image point surrounded by different colors which result in a blurred image in black-and-white pictures. Lateral chromatic aberration is a variation in image size or magnification with wave length. This aberration does not appear at axial image points but toward the surrounding area, proportional to the distance from the center of the image field. Stopping down the lens has only a limited effect on these aberrations.

Spherical aberration

Spherical aberration is caused because the lens is round and the film or image sensor is flat. Light entering the edge of the lens is more severely refracted than light entering the center of the lens. This results in a blurred image, and also causes flare (non-image forming internal reflections). Stopping down the lens minimizes spherical aberration and flare, but introduces diffraction.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism in a lens causes a point in the subject to be reproduced as a line in the image. The effect becomes worse towards the corner of the image. Stopping down the lens has very little effect.

Coma

Coma in a lens causes a circular shape in the subject to be reproduced as an oval shape in the image. Stopping down the lens has almost no effect.

Curvature of field

Curvature of field is the inability of a lens to produce a flat image of a flat subject. The image is formed instead on a curved surface. If the center of the image is in focus, the edges are out of focus and vice versa. Stopping down the lens has a limited effect.

Distortion

Distortion is the inability of a lens to capture lines as straight across the entire image area. Barrel distortion causes straight lines at the edges of the frame to bow toward the center of the image, producing a barrel shape. Pincushion distortion causes straight lines at the edges of the frame to curve in toward the lens axis. Distortion, whether barrel or pincushion type, is caused by differences in magnification; stopping down the lens has no effect at all.

The term "distortion" is also sometimes used instead of the term "aberration". In this case, other types of optical aberrations may also be meant, not necessarily geometric distortion.

Diffraction

Classically, light is thought of as always traveling in straight lines, but in reality, light waves tend to bend around nearby barriers, spreading out in the process. This phenomenon is known as diffraction and occurs when a light wave passes by a corner or through an opening. Diffraction plays a paramount role in limiting the resolving power of any lens.

Doublet

Doublet is a lens design comprised of two elements grouped together. Sometimes the two elements are cemented together, and other times they are separated by an air gap. Examples of this type of lens include achromatic close-up lenses.

Dynamic range

Dynamic range is the maximum range of tones, from darkest shadows to brightest highlights, that can be produced by a device or perceived in an image. Also called tonal range.

Resolving power

Resolving power is the ability of a lens, photographic emulsion or imaging sensor to distinguish fine detail. Resolving power is expressed in terms of lines per millimeter that are distinctly recorded in the final image.

Vignetting

Vignetting is the darkening of the corners of an image relative to the center of the image. There are three types of vignetting: optical, mechanical, and natural vignetting.

Optical vignetting is caused by the physical dimensions of a multi-element lens. Rear elements are shaded by elements in front of them, which reduces the effective lens opening for off-axis incident light. The result is a gradual decrease of the light intensity towards the image periphery. Optical vignetting is sensitive to the aperture and can be completely cured by stopping down the lens. Two or three stops are usually sufficient.

Mechanical vignetting occurs when light beams are partially blocked by external objects such as thick or stacked filters, secondary lenses, and improper lens hoods.

Natural vignetting (also known as natural illumination falloff) is not due to the blocking of light rays. The falloff is approximated by the "cosine fourth" law of illumination falloff. Wide-angle rangefinder designs are particularly prone to natural vignetting. Stopping down the lens cannot cure it.

Flare

Bright shapes or lack of contrast caused when light is scattered by the surface of the lens or reflected off the interior surfaces of the lens barrel. This is most often seen when the lens is pointed toward the sun or another bright light source. Flare can be minimized by using anti-reflection coatings, light baffles, or a lens hood.

Ghosting

Glowing patches of light that appear in a photograph due to lens flare.

Retrofocus design

Design with negative lens group(s) positioned in front of the diaphragm and positive lens group(s) positioned at the rear of the diaphragm. This provides a short focal length with a long back focus or lens-to-film distance, allowing for movement of the reflex mirror in SLR cameras. Sometimes called an inverted telephoto lens.

Rectilinear design

Design that does not introduce significant distortion, especially ultra-wide angle lenses that preserve straight lines and do not curve them (unlike a fisheye lens, for instance).

Focus shift

A change in the position of the plane of optimal focus, generally due to a change in focal length when using a zoom lens, and in some lenses, with a change in aperture.

Transmittance

The amount of light that passes through a lens without being either absorbed by the glass or being reflected by glass/air surfaces.

Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)

When optical designers attempt to compare the performance of optical systems, a commonly used measure is the modulation transfer function (MTF).

The components of MTF are:

The MTF of a lens is a measurement of its ability to transfer contrast at a particular resolution from the object to the image. In other words, MTF is a way to incorporate resolution and contrast into a single specification.

Knowing the MTF curves of each photographic lens and camera sensor within a system allows a designer to make the appropriate selection when optimizing for a particular resolution.

Veiling glare

Lens flare that causes loss of contrast over part or all of the image.

Anti-reflection coating

When light enters or exits an uncoated lens approximately 5% of the light is reflected back at each lens-air boundary due to the difference in refractive index. This reflected light causes flare and ghosting, which results in deterioration of image quality. To counter this, a vapor-deposited coating that reduces light reflection is applied to the lens surface. Early coatings consisted of a single thin film with the correct refractive index differences to cancel out reflections. Multi-layer coatings, introduced in the early 1970s, are made up of several such films.

Benefits of anti-reflection coating:

Circular fisheye

Produces a 180° angle of view in all directions (horizontal, vertical and diagonal).

The image circle of the lens is inscribed in the image frame.

Diagonal (full-frame) fisheye

Covers the entire image frame. For this reason diagonal fisheye lenses are often called full-frame fisheyes.

Extension ring

Extension rings can be used singly or in combination to vary the reproduction ratio of lenses. They are mounted between the camera body and the lens. As a rule, the effect becomes stronger the shorter the focal length of the lens in use, and the longer the focal length of the extension ring.

View camera

A large-format camera with a ground-glass viewfinder at the image plane for viewing and focusing. The photographer must stick his head under a cloth hood in order to see the image projected on the ground glass. Because of their 4x5-inch (or larger) negatives, these cameras can produce extremely high-quality results. View cameras also usually support movements.

135 cartridge-loaded film

43.27 24 36
  • Introduced: 1934
  • Frame size: 36 × 24mm
  • Aspect ratio: 3:2
  • Diagonal: 43.27mm
  • Area: 864mm2
  • Double perforated
  • 8 perforations per frame

120 roll film

71.22 44 56
  • Introduced: 1901
  • Frame size: 56 × 44mm
  • Aspect ratio: 11:14
  • Diagonal: 71.22mm
  • Area: 2464mm2
  • Unperforated

120 roll film

79.2 56 56
  • Introduced: 1901
  • Frame size: 56 × 56mm
  • Aspect ratio: 1:1
  • Diagonal: 79.2mm
  • Area: 3136mm2
  • Unperforated

120 roll film

89.64 56 70
  • Introduced: 1901
  • Frame size: 70 × 56mm
  • Aspect ratio: 5:4
  • Diagonal: 89.64mm
  • Area: 3920mm2
  • Unperforated

220 roll film

71.22 44 56
  • Introduced: 1965
  • Frame size: 56 × 44mm
  • Aspect ratio: 11:14
  • Diagonal: 71.22mm
  • Area: 2464mm2
  • Unperforated
  • Double the length of 120 roll film

220 roll film

79.2 56 56
  • Introduced: 1965
  • Frame size: 56 × 56mm
  • Aspect ratio: 1:1
  • Diagonal: 79.2mm
  • Area: 3136mm2
  • Unperforated
  • Double the length of 120 roll film

220 roll film

89.64 56 70
  • Introduced: 1965
  • Frame size: 70 × 56mm
  • Aspect ratio: 5:4
  • Diagonal: 89.64mm
  • Area: 3920mm2
  • Unperforated
  • Double the length of 120 roll film

Shutter speed ring with "F" setting

The "F" setting disengages the leaf shutter and is set when using only the focal plane shutter in the camera body.

Catch for disengaging cross-coupling

The shutter and diaphragm settings are cross-coupled so that the diaphragm opens to a corresponding degree when faster shutter speeds are selected. The cross-coupling can be disengaged at the press of a catch.

Cross-coupling button

With the cross-coupling button depressed speed/aperture combinations can be altered without changing the Exposure Value setting.

M & X sync

The shutter is fully synchronized for M- and X-settings so that you can work with flash at all shutter speeds.

In M-sync, the shutter closes the flash-firing circuit slightly before it is fully open to catch the flash at maximum intensity. The M-setting is used for Class M flash bulbs.

In X-sync, the flash takes place when the shutter is fully opened. The X-setting is used for electronic flash.

X sync

The shutter is fully synchronized for X-setting so that you can work with flash at all shutter speeds.

In X-sync, the flash takes place when the shutter is fully opened. The X-setting is used for electronic flash.

Unable to follow the link

You are already on the page dedicated to this lens.

Cannot perform comparison

Cannot compare the lens to itself.

Image stabilizer

A technology used for reducing or even eliminating the effects of camera shake. Gyro sensors inside the lens detect camera shake and pass the data to a microcomputer. Then an image stabilization group of elements controlled by the microcomputer moves inside the lens and compensates camera shake in order to keep the image static on the imaging sensor or film.

The technology allows to increase the shutter speed by several stops and shoot handheld in such lighting conditions and at such focal lengths where without image stabilizer you have to use tripod, decrease the shutter speed and/or increase the ISO setting which can lead to blurry and noisy images.

Original name

Lens name as indicated on the lens barrel (usually on the front ring). With lenses from film era, may vary slightly from batch to batch.

Format

Format refers to the shape and size of film or image sensor.

35mm is the common name of the 36x24mm film format or image sensor format. It has an aspect ratio of 3:2, and a diagonal measurement of approximately 43mm. The name originates with the total width of the 135 film which was the primary medium of the format prior to the invention of the full frame digital SLR. Historically the 35mm format was sometimes called small format to distinguish it from the medium and large formats.

APS-C is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the film negatives of 25.1x16.7mm with an aspect ratio of 3:2.

Medium format is a film format or image sensor format larger than 36x24mm (35mm) but smaller than 4x5in (large format).

Angle of view

Angle of view describes the angular extent of a given scene that is imaged by a camera. It is used interchangeably with the more general term field of view.

As the focal length changes, the angle of view also changes. The shorter the focal length (eg 18mm), the wider the angle of view. Conversely, the longer the focal length (eg 55mm), the smaller the angle of view.

A camera's angle of view depends not only on the lens, but also on the sensor. Imaging sensors are sometimes smaller than 35mm film frame, and this causes the lens to have a narrower angle of view than with 35mm film, by a certain factor for each sensor (called the crop factor).

This website does not use the angles of view provided by lens manufacturers, but calculates them automatically by the following formula: 114.6 * arctan (21.622 / CF * FL),

where:

CF – crop-factor of a sensor,
FL – focal length of a lens.

Mount

A lens mount is an interface — mechanical and often also electrical — between a camera body and a lens.

A lens mount may be a screw-threaded type, a bayonet-type, or a breech-lock type. Modern camera lens mounts are of the bayonet type, because the bayonet mechanism precisely aligns mechanical and electrical features between lens and body, unlike screw-threaded mounts.

Lens mounts of competing manufacturers (Canon, Nikon, Pentax, Sony etc.) are always incompatible. In addition to the mechanical and electrical interface variations, the flange focal distance can also be different.

The flange focal distance (FFD) is the distance from the mechanical rear end surface of the lens mount to the focal plane.

Lens construction

Lens construction – a specific arrangement of elements and groups that make up the optical design, including type and size of elements, type of used materials etc.

Element - an individual piece of glass which makes up one component of a photographic lens. Photographic lenses are nearly always built up of multiple such elements.

Group – a cemented together pieces of glass which form a single unit or an individual piece of glass. The advantage is that there is no glass-air surfaces between cemented together pieces of glass, which reduces reflections.

Focal length

The focal length is the factor that determines the size of the image reproduced on the focal plane, picture angle which covers the area of the subject to be photographed, depth of field, etc.

Speed

The largest opening or stop at which a lens can be used is referred to as the speed of the lens. The larger the maximum aperture is, the faster the lens is considered to be. Lenses that offer a large maximum aperture are commonly referred to as fast lenses, and lenses with smaller maximum aperture are regarded as slow.

In low-light situations, having a wider maximum aperture means that you can shoot at a faster shutter speed or work at a lower ISO, or both.

Closest focusing distance

The minimum distance from the focal plane (film or sensor) to the subject where the lens is still able to focus.

Closest working distance

The distance from the front edge of the lens to the subject at the maximum magnification.

Magnification ratio

Determines how large the subject will appear in the final image. Magnification is expressed as a ratio. For example, a magnification ratio of 1:1 means that the image of the subject formed on the film or sensor will be the same size as the subject in real life. For this reason, a 1:1 ratio is often called "life-size".

Manual focus override in autofocus mode

Allows to perform final focusing manually after the camera has locked the focus automatically. Note that you don't have to switch camera and/or lens to manual focus mode.

Manual focus override in autofocus mode

Allows to perform final focusing manually after the camera has locked the focus automatically. Note that you don't have to switch camera and/or lens to manual focus mode.

Electronic manual focus override is performed in the following way: half-press the shutter button, wait until the camera has finished the autofocusing and then focus manually without releasing the shutter button using the focusing ring.

Manual diaphragm

The diaphragm must be stopped down manually by rotating the detent aperture ring.

Preset diaphragm

The lens has two rings, one is for pre-setting, while the other is for normal diaphragm adjustment. The first ring must be set at the desired aperture, the second ring then should be fully opened for focusing, and turned back for stop down to the pre-set value.

Semi-automatic diaphragm

The lens features spring mechanism in the diaphragm, triggered by the shutter release, which stops down the diaphragm to the pre-set value. The spring needs to be reset manually after each exposure to re-open diaphragm to its maximum value.

Automatic diaphragm

The camera automatically closes the diaphragm down during the shutter operation. On completion of the exposure, the diaphragm re-opens to its maximum value.

Fixed diaphragm

The aperture setting is fixed at F/ on this lens, and cannot be adjusted.

Number of blades

As a general rule, the more blades that are used to create the aperture opening in the lens, the rounder the out-of-focus highlights will be.

Some lenses are designed with curved diaphragm blades, so the roundness of the aperture comes not from the number of blades, but from their shape. However, the fewer blades the diaphragm has, the more difficult it is to form a circle, regardless of rounded edges.

At maximum aperture, the opening will be circular regardless of the number of blades.

Weight

Excluding case or pouch, caps and other detachable accessories (lens hood, close-up adapter, tripod adapter etc.).

Maximum diameter x Length

Excluding case or pouch, caps and other detachable accessories (lens hood, close-up adapter, tripod adapter etc.).

For lenses with collapsible design, the length is indicated for the working (retracted) state.

Weather sealing

A rubber material which is inserted in between each externally exposed part (manual focus and zoom rings, buttons, switch panels etc.) to ensure it is properly sealed against dust and moisture.

Lenses that accept front mounted filters typically do not have gaskets behind the filter mount. It is recommended to use a filter for complete weather resistance when desired.

Fluorine coating

Helps keep lenses clean by reducing the possibility of dust and dirt adhering to the lens and by facilitating cleaning should the need arise. Applied to the outer surface of the front and/or rear lens elements over multi-coatings.

Filters

Lens filters are accessories that can protect lenses from dirt and damage, enhance colors, minimize glare and reflections, and add creative effects to images.

Lens hood

A lens hood or lens shade is a device used on the end of a lens to block the sun or other light source in order to prevent glare and lens flare. Flare occurs when stray light strikes the front element of a lens and then bounces around within the lens. This stray light often comes from very bright light sources, such as the sun, bright studio lights, or a bright white background.

The geometry of the lens hood can vary from a plain cylindrical or conical section to a more complex shape, sometimes called a petal, tulip, or flower hood. This allows the lens hood to block stray light with the higher portions of the lens hood, while allowing more light into the corners of the image through the lowered portions of the hood.

Lens hoods are more prominent in long focus lenses because they have a smaller viewing angle than that of wide-angle lenses. For wide angle lenses, the length of the hood cannot be as long as those for telephoto lenses, as a longer hood would enter the wider field of view of the lens.

Lens hoods are often designed to fit onto the matching lens facing either forward, for normal use, or backwards, so that the hood may be stored with the lens without occupying much additional space. In addition, lens hoods can offer some degree of physical protection for the lens due to the hood extending farther than the lens itself.

Teleconverters

Teleconverters increase the effective focal length of lenses. They also usually maintain the closest focusing distance of lenses, thus increasing the magnification significantly. A lens combined with a teleconverter is normally smaller, lighter and cheaper than a "direct" telephoto lens of the same focal length and speed.

Teleconverters are a convenient way of enhancing telephoto capability, but it comes at a cost − reduced maximum aperture. Also, since teleconverters magnify every detail in the image, they logically also magnify residual aberrations of the lens.

Lens caps

Scratched lens surfaces can spoil the definition and contrast of even the finest lenses. Lens covers are the best and most inexpensive protection available against dust, moisture and abrasion. Safeguard lens elements - both front and rear - whenever the lens is not in use.