FED
akaФЭД
35mm MF film rangefinder camera • Discontinued
- Announced:
- · 1934
- Production status:
- ● Discontinued
- Country of design:
- · USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
- System:
- · FED (1934)
Specification
| Format: | |
| 35mm full frame | |
Film type: | 135 cartridge-loaded film |
| Leica screw mount [28.8mm] | |
| Shutter: | |
Type: | Focal-plane |
Model: | Mechanical |
Speeds: | 1/25 - 1/500 + Z |
| Exposure: | |
Exposure metering: | None |
Exposure modes: | Manual |
| Rangefinder and Viewfinder: | |
Rangefinder: | Built-in |
Viewfinder: | Built-in |
Finder magnification: | 1x |
Actual rangefinder base: | 38mm |
Effective rangefinder base: | 38mm |
Bright-line frames: | - |
Parallax compensation: | - |
| Physical characteristics: | |
Weight: | 830g |
Dimensions: | 150x90x70mm |
Manufacturer description #1
From "A short guide to using the ФЭД camera" (1934):
The "ФЭД" is a universal film camera designed to produce 36 photographs of 24x36mm format with one loading and applicable for all types of shooting, both instantaneous and with long shutter speeds.
The "ФЭД" is a perfect camera and is equipped with:
a first-class anastigmat lens with a focal length of 50mm and a speed of 1:3.5 in a barrel with a worm gear;
optical rangefinder, automatically coupled with the lens worm gear mechanism;
an optical viewfinder that produces a bright image that exactly matches the frame captured by the lens on the film;
curtain shutter, allowing instant exposures ranging from 1/20 sec. up to 1/500 sec., as well as shooting with a longer shutter speeds;
an automatic film winding mechanism coupled to the shutter winding, which eliminates the possibility of double exposures;
a mechanism for winding the captured film back into the cassette, which makes it possible to reload the device outside a dark room.
The "ФЭД" is manufactured at the newly built Photo Factory of the Labor Commune of the NKVD of the Ukrainian SSR, named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky, entirely from Soviet raw materials.
Standard perforated film is used as a negative material for the "ФЭД", in 1.60m sections, which ensures one-time loading of the device to produce 36 photographs.
Manufacturer description #2
The ФЭД camera is one of the modern small-format devices for photographing on normal 35mm film.
The ФЭД camera is a universal device that allows you to take a wide variety of photographs - both instantly, handheld, and with a certain shutter speed, from a tripod. It is used for shooting architecture, landscapes, genre scenes, portraits, sports moments, etc.
The ФЭД camera is intended for amateur and professional photography with subsequent production of photographs on photographic paper using a photo enlarger.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Negative dimensions - 24x36mm.
Cassette capacity - 1,6 meters, for 36 shots.
Shutter - curtain type, with speeds: B, 1/25, 1/50, 1/100, 1/250 and 1/500 second.
"Индустар-10" lens - relative aperture 1:3,5, focal length 50mm.
Shooting range - from 1 meter to infinity.
Viewfinder - optical, for lenses with focal length of 50mm.
Rangefinder - optical, with a base of 38mm.
When winding the shutter, the film is simultaneously fed for the next shooting and the frame counter moves one division. Simultaneous shutter winding and film feeding ensures quick preparation of the device for shooting and eliminates erroneous re-shooting on the captured frame.
The mechanism for returning the captured film to the cassette makes it possible to reload the device with another cassette, with a fresh film, under normal, not very bright lighting.
From the editor
The Soviet LEICA II copy. Also the first Soviet portable rigid camera designed for shooting on 35mm wide perforated film.
The camera was produced in Kharkov (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the USSR) by the plant of the labor commune named after Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (later the Kharkov Machine-Building Plant "FED") from 1934 to 1955. About 160,650 cameras were produced before the war and 476,847 after the war.
The first batches of cameras had the following progression of shutter speeds: 1/20, 1/40, 1/100, 1/200, 1/500 and B. In 1952 this speeds were replaced with standard ones: 1/25, 1/50, 1/100, 1/200, 1/500 and B.
At the end of the 1930s, the FED-S model was produced, which was equipped with a "ФЭД" 50/2 lens, and the shutter speed range was expanded to 1/1000th of a second.
From 1938 to 1941, the FED-B model was produced with a range of shutter speeds from 1 to 1/1000th of a second.
In 1946, production of FED was moved to the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant, where it continued under the name FED (from 1948), then FED-Zorki (1948-1949), and then simply Zorki (from March 1949).
In 1948, at the restored Kharkov Machine-Building Plant "FED", the FED camera began to be produced again. After minor upgrades in 1952 (improvement of the shutter release button and transition to a new series of shutter speeds), this model was replaced in 1955 by the FED-2.
The FED (like the first Zorki) became the basis for fakes: counterfeiters "make up" them to look like much more expensive LEICA models II and III. Often German inscriptions and emblems are applied to the Soviet camera to the best of their knowledge and imagination.
***
The first batches of cameras were supplied with a collapsible, uncoated 4-element "ФЭД" anastigmat lens with a focal length of 50mm and a speed of F/3.5. After the war the lens was renamed to "Индустар-10".
In pre-war cameras, the flange focal distance was not standardized; individual adjustment of lenses was necessary. For example, the above-mentioned "ФЭД" had a flange focal distance of 28.9mm. After the war it was reduced to 28.8mm, which was the standard value.
The following accessory lenses were produced for the pre-war FED: "ФЭД" 2/50, "ФЭД" 4,5/28, "ФЭД" 6,3/100, "ФЭД" 3,5/50 Macro. The post-war FED could use all lenses designed for the Zorki.
***
The weight and dimensions are indicated with the "Индустар-10" lens in working position.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Canon II-A | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1952 ● |
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| Canon II-D2 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Canon II-F | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1953 ● |
| Canon II-F2 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Canon II-S | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1954 ● |
| Canon II-S2 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Canon III-A | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1951 ● |
| Canon IV-F akaCanon IV-S |
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| Canon IV-SB akaCanon IV-S2 |
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| Canon IV-SB2 | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1954 ● |
| Canon L1 | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Canon L2 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Canon L3 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Canon P | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1959 ● |
| Canon VI-L | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Canon VI-T | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Canon VL | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Canon VL2 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Canon VT | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1956 ● |
| Canon VT de luxe | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Chiyoca IIF | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1953 ● |
| Chiyotax IIF | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1954 ● |
| Chiyotax IIIF | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Cosina Voigtlander BESSA-R | M, 1/2000 | TTL · WA | M | 2000 ● |
| Drug akaДруг |
M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1960 ● |
| Hensoldt Publica | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1947 ● |
| Honor S1 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1956 ● |
| Honor SL | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1959 ● |
| Leica II (Model D) | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1932 ● |
| Leica IIc | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1948 ● |
| Leica IIf | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1951 ● |
| Leica III (Model F) | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1933 ● |
| Leica IIIa (Model G) | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1935 ● |
| Leica IIIb (Model G) | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1938 ● |
| Leica IIIc | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1940 ● |
| Leica IIId | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1939 ● |
| Leica IIIf | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1950 ● |
| Leica IIIg | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Leningrad akaЛенинград |
M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1956 ● |
| Leotax DIV | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1950 ● |
| Leotax F | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1954 ● |
| Leotax FV | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Leotax K | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Leotax K3 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Leotax S | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1952 ● |
| Leotax Special | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1946 ● |
| Leotax Special B | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1942 ● |
| Leotax Special DII | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1947 ● |
| Leotax Special DIII | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1947 ● |
| Leotax T | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Leotax T2 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Leotax T2L "Elite" | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1959 ● |
| Leotax TV | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Leotax TV2 "Merite" | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Melcon | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Melcon II | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Minolta-35 Model A | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1947 ● |
| Minolta-35 Model B | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1947 ● |
| Minolta-35 Model C | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1948 ● |
| Minolta-35 Model D | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1949 ● |
| Minolta-35 Model E | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1951 ● |
| Minolta-35 Model F | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1952 ● |
| Minolta-35 Model II | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1953 ● |
| Minolta-35 Model IIB | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Mir akaМир |
M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1959 ● |
| Neuca | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1946 ● |
| Nicca 3 akaPeerless 3 |
M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1948 ● |
| Nicca 3-F | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1956 ● |
| Nicca 3-F [III] | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Nicca 3-F [II] | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Nicca 3-S | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1954 ● |
| Nicca 33 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Nicca 4 | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1953 ● |
| Nicca 5 akaSnider 35 |
M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Nicca III-L | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Nicca IIIA | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1951 ● |
| Nicca IIIB | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1951 ● |
| Nicca IIIS | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1952 ● |
| Nicca Original | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1948 ● |
| Nippon 3 | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1946 ● |
| Nippon Original | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1942 ● |
| Reid III | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1947 ● |
| Shanghai 58 Type I | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Shanghai 58 Type II | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1959 ● |
| Tanack 35C | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1952 ● |
| Tanack 35F | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1954 ● |
| Tanack IIIS | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1954 ● |
| Tanack IV-S | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Tanack SD | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1957 ● |
| Yashica YE | M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1959 ● |
| Yashica YF | M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1959 ● |
| Yasuhara T981 "Ichi-shiki" | M, 1/2000 | TTL · WA | M | 1998 ● |
| Zorki akaЗоркий akaФЭД akaФЭД 1948 Зоркий akaФЭД 1949 Зоркий |
M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1948 ● |
| Zorki-2 akaЗоркий-2 |
M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1954 ● |
| Zorki-2S akaЗоркий-2С |
M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Zorki-3 akaЗоркий-3 |
M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1951 ● |
| Zorki-3M akaЗоркий-3М |
M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1954 ● |
| Zorki-3S akaЗоркий-3С |
M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1955 ● |
| Zorki-4 akaЗоркий-4 |
M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1956 ● |
| Zorki-4K akaЗоркий-4К |
M, 1/1000 | -- | M | 1972 ● |
| Zorki-5 Type 1 akaЗоркий-5 |
M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Zorki-5 Type 2 akaЗоркий-5 |
M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1958 ● |
| Zorki-6 akaЗоркий-6 |
M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1959 ● |
| Zorki-S akaЗоркий-С |
M, 1/500 | -- | M | 1955 ● |